What effect does alcohol have on the body?

Alcohol primarily acts as a depressant on the central nervous system. This means that it slows down brain activity and impairs various functions, including motor coordination, reaction times, and judgment. As a result, individuals may experience decreased alertness and relaxation, which can lead to feelings of euphoria followed by lethargy or sedation.

While it might initially seem like alcohol could enhance social experiences or relieve anxiety, its overall impact on the body is to depress various bodily functions. This depressant effect is responsible for many of the risks associated with alcohol consumption, including impaired decision-making and coordination, which can lead to accidents and injuries. Understanding this critical aspect of how alcohol affects the body is essential for making informed choices about consumption and health.

The other options present effects that are not characteristic of alcohol's actions. Cognition is often impaired, and energy levels do not increase; instead, they tend to decrease. Although some substances can cause hallucinations, alcohol typically does not produce these effects in moderate use.